Что такое resistance и support?
Согласно теории технического анализа, поддержка (support) и сопротивление (resistance) – это ценовые уровни, которых котировки активов касались несколько раз. На практике они отмечаются горизонтальными линиями, которые на графике котировок проводят через ценовые максимумы и минимумы. Как правило, в ходе дальнейшего котирования цена актива и дальше будет чутко реагировать при приближении к таким уровням. Ведь, по факту, на них сосредоточены крупные позиции участников торгов. На данных levels принято фиксировать прибыль и заключать сделки. Поэтому и цена актива постоянно от таких уровней отскакивает или с усилием их пробивает. Именно поэтому support и resistance так важны для торговой стратегии и эффективного трейдинга. Ведь, зная, где они расположены, вы всегда сможете торговать так, как торгует основное количество участников торгов и знать места, где цена оттолкнется в обратную сторону или наоборот – пролетит не останавливаясь.
How to draw Support and Resistance lines on a chart?
It’s really easy to do, you only need a price chart and a tool to draw lines. Just follow these steps:
1. Look for the next major price picks above and below the current price and draw support and resistance levels.
2. Take a look at the overall chart to see how the price of crypto has acted around those levels previously and whether they make sense. Don’t forget that support and resistance can turn one into another.
3. Repeat the previous steps to figure out next major levels. As a result you’ll get a chart with several lines that may potentially be the next major support or resistance levels.
Support and resistance levels come also handy if you’ve automated your crypto trading. The exchanges integrated with TradeSanta have tools to draw support and resistance levels on their charts. The best moment to set up a long bot is the the price is slightly above the support level and when the price reaches resistance, it’s time to start a short crypto bot. If you haven’t automated your trading yet, join TradeSanta, we’ll guide through every step.
FAQ
What are Support and Resistance levels?
Support is a price level at which the crypto price tends to bounce back up after a down period.Resistance level is the opposite of support: when the price reaches resistance it means that the buyers are less inclined to buy coins at this price level and those who hold the stock or bought it earlier find the price attractive enough to sell.
How to draw Support and Resistance lines on a chart?
It’s really easy to do, you only need a price chart and a tool to draw lines.
Can Support and Resistance lines identify the trend of cryptocurrency?
Support and resistance lines also identify the trend of cryptocurrency. In the uptrend Support and Resistance lines point up and each high is higher than the previous high whereas in the downtrend happens exactly the opposite and each low is lower than the previous one.
What is QFL trading strategy?
Support and Resistance Reversals
A previous support level will sometimes become a resistance level when the price attempts to move back up, and conversely, a resistance level will become a support level as the price temporarily falls back.
Price charts allow traders and investors to visually identify areas of support and resistance, and they give clues regarding the significance of these price levels. More specifically, they look at:
Number of Touches
The more times that the price tests a support or resistance area, the more significant the level becomes. When prices keep bouncing off a support or resistance level, more buyers and sellers notice and will base trading decisions on these levels.
Preceding Price Move
Support and resistance zones are likely to be more significant when they are preceded by steep advances or declines. For example, a fast, steep advance or uptrend will be met with more competition and enthusiasm and may be halted by a more significant resistance level than a slow, steady advance. A slow advance may not attract as much attention. This is a good example of how market psychology drives technical indicators.
Volume at Certain Price Levels
The more buying and selling that has occurred at a particular price level, the stronger the support or resistance level is likely to be. This is because traders and investors remember these price levels and are apt to use them again. When strong activity occurs on high volume and the price drops, a lot of selling will likely occur when price returns to that level, since people are far more comfortable closing out a trade at the breakeven point than at a loss.
Time
Support and resistance zones seen in longer time frame charts such as weekly or monthly charts are often more significant than those seen in shorter time frame charts such as the one-minute or five-minute chart.
Some investors dismiss support and resistance levels entirely because they say that the levels are based on past price moves, offering no real information about what will happen in the future. But all of technical analysis is based on using past price action to anticipate future price moves; therefore, this is an argument for dismissing technical analysis entirely.
How to Find Support and Resistance Levels
There is no definitive formula or algorithm to calculate support and resistance. Perhaps the easiest way to identify support and resistance is to simply use your eyes.
When a support or resistance level has been breached, price moving past the initial barrier, it is said that the old resistance level becomes the new support. On the reverse side, support that is breached may become the new resistance line.
When the markets begin to move side-ways within a range, this is typically taken to indicate that the market is evenly balanced between supply and demand. When the price moves outside of that tight-knit sideways movement, it will signal whether the bulls or bears have won. When such a breakout occurs on high volume, the outcome will likely result in a prominent move up or down–a new (and possibly strong) trend.
If you want confirmation or an additional source, you can access dynamic support and resistance levels through the Optimus News platform (free for customers). Optimus News’ Dynamic Support and Resistance Levels is able to automatically draw support and resistance for any instrument (levels prices based on spot prices and not futures prices). Levels are generated four times a day which allows our customers to have real-time, up-to-date analysis on price movements. Here is a quick overview in this video.
The Bottom Line
Support and resistance levels are key concepts used by technical analysts and form the basis of a wide variety of technical analysis tools. The basics of support and resistance consist of a support level, which can be thought of as the floor under price, and a resistance level, which can be thought of as the ceiling above price. Prices fall and test the support level, which will either hold, and the price will reverse to the upside, or be violated, and the price will drop through the support and likely continue lower to the next support level.
Determining future levels of support can drastically improve the returns of a short-term investing strategy because it gives traders an indication of where price declines are likely to halt. Conversely, foreseeing a level of resistance can be advantageous because it will alert traders to be vigilant as price approaches this area for a likely reaction in price. As mentioned above, there are several different methods to choose when looking to identify support/resistance, but regardless of the method, the interpretation remains the same: The trader is looking for an indication that the price of a security will likely react in a certain manner as it approaches and touches a recognized price level.
Индикатор pz resistans and support
На самом деле самостоятельно определять уровни поддержек и сопротивления не нужно. Вместо трейдеров это могут сделать индикаторы, при этом – более точно и быстро. Первым рассмотрим индикатор PZ. Данный индикатор самостоятельно определяет важные levels. При этом, PZ расставляет на наиболее значимых уровнях толстые и яркие горизонтальные линии, на более слабых уровнях – более тонкие и блеклые, а на неподтвержденных уровнях – пунктир, позволяя трейдеру правильно определить потенциал прочности каждой технической отметки, отталкиваясь от которых корректировать свой торговый план.
PZ поддержки and сопротивления – самый удобный и ценный из коллекции представленных нами индикаторов. Он показывает не только локальные уровни, которые и так видно в пределах экрана компьютера, но и те, которые образовались еще неделю или даже несколько месяцев назад, и очень важны для торговли. И самое главное, работает он четко по всем правилам технического анализа, правильно определяя свинг-уровни, районы консолидации, ценовые экстремумы, локальные перекупленности/перепроданности и иные важнейшие места образования технических уровней. Соответственно, этот технический indicator подойдет практически под любую торговую стратегию, а также поможет при составлении самостоятельного анализа рынков торгуемых активов.
Индикатор Pz Support Resistance
Вы и сами можете убедиться, насколько точно это техническое приспособление для МТ4 размещает все уровни на графике цены, не перегружая при этом само окно котирования актива.
Как избежать неоправданных рисков
Важно открывать позицию с заранее определенными уровнями, на которых она будет закрыта. Выставлять стоп-лоссы, чтобы вовремя выйти из сделки с небольшими убытками, а не сидеть, ожидая, когда тренд развернется в нужную сторону
Не открывать внутридневные позиции с большим плечом относительно своего депозита. Внутридневная торговля на Форексе для большинства невозможна без левереджа (плеча).
Его нужно рассчитывать исходя из предполагаемых движений рынка, при волатильном рынке плечо стоит брать минимально возможным, выставлять стоп-лоссы на 1-2% от уровня входа. Слишком близкие стопы будут срабатывать часто, не дадут удержать позицию, а слишком далекие — быстро опустошат депозит.
How to Trade Futures Using Support and Resistance Levels
The practical benefit of using support and resistance is that it can easily combine with other approaches, from strict price action to indicator-based systems. Support and resistance is a very straightforward concept as just about anybody can start drawing horizontal lines on their charts and see how price bounces off of these levels.
As with any indicator, support and resistance is not 100% reliable–but when they are not, the breaches provide critical market information that is equally actionable. Let’s dig a little deeper into some tactics concerning this matter.
Lines vs. Zones
The biggest misconception is that support and resistance levels are single lines that can be drawn at specific prices. Although it is possible to draw support and resistance using single lines, this approach leads to very inconsistent trading results. Instead, think of support and resistance as zones rather than lines based on a single price point.
The S&P 500 chart below illustrates the concept of support and resistance zones nicely. As you can see, there are 3 resistance zones stacked above each other. So which one is the right level to trade off? The answer is, all resistance levels are equally correct and the one you choose depends on your personal preferences and your psychology.
Aggressive – neutral – conservative
In the case of a resistance level, let’s assume that you are looking to sell when the price reaches one of three resistance levels. But which one would you choose? It all depends on the risk you are willing to take:
Aggressive
If you take the first resistance level, you run the risk of getting stopped out should price continue toward the higher resistance levels. This strategy is ideal for traders who not only want to enter sooner rather than later (out of fear of missing a trade) but can also withstand a lower win rate.
Conservative
This level is the farthest away, meaning that the price may not reach that level as often as the lower resistance zones. A conservative approach is ideal for the risk-averse trader who would prefer a higher win-rate, but at the expense of missing (more aggressive) trades.
Neutral
The neutral level where most traders tend to feel comfortable. It is a good compromise between an aggressive strategy where you will experience frequent losses and a conservative approach where you will often miss trade entries.
Multiple entries using the three-level-concept
If you feel that picking only one level alone does not sound like a good enough strategy, there is another possibility how you can use the concept of support and resistance zones. If we go back to our previous example, you can use the three levels to split your order among the different areas. Again, there are many ways to go about it, none of which can be considered ‘right or wrong’.
For example, if you want to risk 3% on the trade in total, you could enter three different positions, using 1% on each entry. Note that there are multiple ways to structure your position size using the concept of support and resistance zones. Our suggestion is merely one way to do it.
Another example: a more aggressive trader might enter the majority of his position on the first level while a conservative trader might only use a small part of his total position on the first two levels.
Стратегии торговли по индикатору PZ Support Resistance
Если у трейдера имеется достоверная информация об уровнях сопротивления и поддержки, то он может применять торговлю на отбоях от них или на их пробое.
В первом случае (торговля на отбой) покупка совершается при приближении цены к поддержке сверху вниз (СтопЛосс размещается под поддержкой), а продажа – при приближении цены к сопротивлению снизу вверх (СтопЛосс размещается над сопротивлением). Пример короткой позиции, открытой по стратегии «на отбой», показан на рис. 2 (момент формирования сопротивления указан зеленой стрелкой, момент совершения сделки указан красной стрелкой)
Рисунок 2. Прибыльная продажа актива по отбою от сопротивления, сформированного PZ Support Resistance.
Во втором случае (торговля на пробой) покупка совершается при пересечении ценой сопротивления снизу вверх (СтопЛосс размещается под сопротивлением), а продажа – при пересечении ценой поддержки сверху вниз (СтопЛосс размещается над поддержкой). Пример прибыльной короткой позиции по стратегии на пробой показан на рис. 3 (момент формирования поддержки показан зеленой стрелки, момент ее тестирования показан желтой стрелкой, момент открытия убыточной сделки показана белой стрелкой, момент открытия прибыльной сделки показан красной стрелкой). Несмотря на первую убыточную сделку (показан белой стрелкой), вторая прибыльная сделка перекрыла полученный убыток, поскольку отношение СтопЛосса к ТейкПрофиту составляет 1:2.
Рисунок 3. Прибыльная продажа актива по пробою поддержки, сформированной PZ Support Resistance.
На рисунках 2 и 3 уровень входа в рынок показан красной прямой, уровень СтопЛосса – желтой прямой, уровень ТейкПрофита – фиолетовой прямой.
The Second Step to Identifying Support and Resistance Zones:
The second step is waiting for the price action to touch the Zone. What you can do is set your charts on 2 to 4 currencies and wait for your chance, as it may take some time for the price to reach the support resistance levels. The reason we say 2 to 4 currencies is because this is a good number of pairs to be looking at and will not overwhelm you. This allows you to have a good judge on your trade opportunity.
Basically, the higher time frame takes less time and attention than the smaller time frame. Alternatively, the smaller time frame has more signals as the zones may get hit more frequently. You have to be more focused if you’re trading small time frames.
In this chart we see the price action approaching support and actually almost touched the support so we wait to see the form and shape of the next candle.
If the price reverses that will be good, as it is what we are expecting. We will need a strong reversal candle though to assure that price will reverse and that it will not collapse back again.
On the other hand, if it breaks that level, it may be real breaking or a fake breaking. We also should see a strong piercing candle that effortlessly breaks that level to assure it will continue in the same way.
Основные минусы внутридневной торговли
Внутридневная торговля предполагает очень высокий уровень риска. Среди ограничений для инвесторов, которые придерживаются такой стратегии, можно выделить следующие.
Необходимо иметь большой капитал, чтобы получать ощутимую прибыль. Хотя любой инвестор может купить определенное количество акций и попробовать внутридневную торговлю, высокую доходность можно получить только при большом объеме торгов.
При этом обычно даже опытные инвесторы терпят убытки. Очень трудно всегда учитывать множество факторов и принимать только правильные решения. Большой первоначальный капитал помогает не обращать внимания на потерю части денег, сохранять спокойствие и продолжать торговать на рынке.
Необходимо посвящать этому большое количество времени. В рамках внутридневной торговли инвестор должен относиться к инвестициям как к работе и уделять им весь день. Необходимо постоянно следить за несколькими графиками акций сразу и быстро реагировать на все изменения. Не получится периодически проверять состояние портфеля и снова заниматься своими делами: иногда инвесторы совершают несколько операций в минуту.
Если пропустить короткое увеличение или падение стоимости ценной бумаги и не продать или не купить ее вовремя, можно потерять потенциальную прибыль и уменьшить капитал для инвестиций. При этом, чтобы в условиях внутридневной торговли проводить операции с акциями американских компаний, придется наблюдать за графиками до поздней ночи из-за разницы во времени.
Приходится использовать плечо брокера. В течение внутридневной торговли инвесторы часто открывают короткие позиции. То есть берут акции в долг у брокера, чтобы затем купить их более дешево и забрать разницу себе. Но стоимость ценных бумаг может вырасти вне зависимости от ожиданий. В этом случае инвестору придется покупать акции дороже, чем он их продал до этого, и терять доход. Подробнее о том, как устроена маржинальная торговля, — в статье Ставка на понижение: что такое короткая позиция и как на ней заработать.
Major and Minor Support and Resistance Levels
Gold futures 1-minute chart with minor and major support and resistance.
MT4
Minor support and resistance levels don’t hold up. For example, if the price is trending lower, it will make a low, then bounce, and then start to drop again. That low can be marked as a minor support area, because the price did stall out and bounce off that level. But since the trend is down, the price is likely to eventually fall through that minor support level without much problem.
Areas of minor support or resistance provide analytical insight and potential trading opportunities. In the example above, if the price does drop below the minor support level, then we know the downtrend is still intact. But if the price stalls and bounces at or near the former low, then a range could be developing. If the price stalls and bounces above the prior low, then we have a higher low, and that is an indication of a possible trend change.
Major support and resistance areas are price levels that have recently caused a trend reversal. If the price was trending higher and then reversed into a downtrend, the price where the reversal took place is a strong resistance level. Where a downtrend ends and an uptrend begins is a strong support level.
How to Find Support and Resistance Zones
Once you know what you are looking for, you will begin to see how support and resistance lines form many different trends. Because the E-Mini S&P 500 is the most heavily traded futures contract globally, we thought it would be interesting to look at its price going back to 2018.
Source: Finamark
The first trend line is at 3018.75, the second line at 2824.75, and the third at 2625. At first glance, they look like random lines on a chart. However, once you review the lines, you will start to see various patterns emerging.
There are a few principles to follow when looking for them. These include:
- Limit the number of trendlines; otherwise, your chart gets too cluttered
- Draw lines in a may maximize the number of times that price touches them (for both peaks and troughs)
- You may need to adjust your line slightly to secure the most touches
We will now look at the individual support and resistance lines and then how they work together.
Green line
Looking from left to right, you will see that the green line is initially a support line with two distinct rebounds from this level. However, the third touch on the green line prompts a period of consolidation (indicating a lack of interest from buyers). We then see sellers getting the upper hand as the index crashes through the 2625 level. When the index begins to recover, there is a short period of consolidation just above the green line as buyers continue to take the upper hand.
Blue line
What makes the blue line interesting is that working from left to right, there are numerous occasions when it acts as resistance and later as support. We can see three bouts of resistance in the early days just under the blue line. These are commonly referred to as “power moves,” which can further reiterate support and resistance levels.
Later there is a period of consolidation under the blue trendline, acting as resistance, but slowly buyers gain the upper hand, and the chart moves into higher ground. Towards the right-hand side of the chart, there are numerous occasions where the blue resistance line has flipped to become a support line.
Orange line
We could have drawn in another trendline around the 2965.75 level, highlighting an area of resistance before testing the 3018.75 level. You can see that the chart tests this level on more than three occasions before eventually pushing through and moving ahead into new territory. In hindsight, the signs that the market was looking to edge higher were all there. We saw several higher lows, trading between different resistance/support bands. Eventually, the momentum pushed the price through 3018.75 into uncharted territory.
Trading bands
As you can see clearly from the chart, there are numerous changing trends between the green and the blue line. Indeed, when the price crashed below the green support line, this resulted in a significant sell-off. There are also times when the blue line acted as support, with the orange line offering resistance.
Other Indicators
In technical analysis, many indicators have been developed and are still being developed to identify barriers to future price action. Some indicators are plotted on price charts, while others are plotted above or below price. These indicators can often seem complicated at first, and it takes practice and experience to learn to use them effectively. But regardless of how complex an indicator appears, its use and interpretation are often no different from that of other indicators created through simpler methods like calculating moving averages and drawing trendlines.
1.62
The “golden ratio” used in the Fibonacci sequence, also observed repeatedly in nature and social structure.
For example, the Fibonacci retracement is a favorite tool among many short-term traders because it clearly identifies levels of potential support/resistance. The reasoning behind how this indicator calculates the various levels of support and resistance is beyond the scope of this article, but notice in the chart below how the identified levels (dotted lines) are barriers to the short-term direction of the price.
Заключение
Максимумы разворота и минимумы разворота являются ключевыми ценовыми точками, от которых цена резко развернулась. Таким образом, опорные максимумы и опорные минимумы можно рассматривать как основу для горизонтальных уровней поддержки и сопротивления. Фракталы, хотя и очень незначительные, также могут рассматриваться как опорные максимумы или опорные минимумы. Однако из-за того, что он очень незначительный, он не будет таким надежным, как основной максимум или минимум.
Хотя этот индикатор по-прежнему можно эффективно использовать в качестве индикатора поддержки и сопротивления, все же лучше объединить этот индикатор с другими индикаторами или просто в качестве подтверждения другого типа торговой установки.
